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创建页面，内容为“'''安大略405號省道'''（{{lang-en|Ontario Highway 405}}），正式名稱為'''國王405號公路'''（{{lang|en|King's Highway 405}}），又稱'''布洛克…”
'''安大略405號省道'''（{{lang-en|Ontario Highway 405}}），正式名稱為'''國王405號公路'''（{{lang|en|King's Highway 405}}），又稱'''布洛克將軍園林公路'''（{{lang|en|General Brock Parkway}}），是[[加拿大]][[安大略省]]一條東西向[[400系列公路|400系列]][[高速公路]]，西端在[[尼亞加拉區]][[濱湖尼亞加拉]]鎮西南部與[[伊利沙伯皇后道]]（QEW）交匯，東端則在該鎮東南部的[[昆士頓]]村駁上[[劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋]]跨越[[尼亞加拉河]]（即[[美加邊境]]），在[[紐約州]][[劉易斯頓 (紐約州)|劉易斯頓]]與[[190號州際公路 (紐約州)|190號州際公路]]接駁。
== 走線 ==
405號公路的主要用途是透過[[劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋]]連接QEW和190號州際公路<ref name="QEW">{{cite book
| title = The Queen Elizabeth Way, Canada's First Superhighway
| last = Stamp
| first = Robert M.
| publisher = Boston Mills Press
| year = 1987
| isbn = 0-919783-84-8}}</ref>，沿途慢慢登上尼亞加拉懸崖，在史丹利大道（{{lang|en|Stanley Avenue}}）以東達致沿線最高點。公路沿途主要經過森林，而沿線主要聚落只得昆士頓村<ref name="toporama" />。
405號公路西端在[[濱湖尼亞加拉]]西南部從QEW分支，往東延約1.5公里，之後稍往東南拐。來回方向行車線在西端以寬闊的草坪分隔，草坪之後逐漸收窄至{{convert|15|m|ft}}濶<ref name="toporama">{{cite map
|title = Canadian Topographic Atlas - Highway 405
|author = Toporama
|publisher = Ministry of Natural Resources Canada
|url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?layers=nodata_ntdb_50k%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour&scale=40000.000000&mapxy=1315180.5572053108%20-493633.9137385053&map_layer&91;northarrow&93;_class&91;0&93;_style&91;0&93;=ANGLE%20-14.33157017424027&mapsize=525%20466&urlappend=
|accessdate = June 10, 2010
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121003075627/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?layers=nodata_ntdb_50k%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour&scale=40000.000000&mapxy=1315180.5572053108%20-493633.9137385053&map_layer&91;northarrow&93;_class&91;0&93;_style&91;0&93;=ANGLE%20-14.33157017424027&mapsize=525%20466&urlappend=
|archivedate = 2012年10月3日
}}</ref><!-- Note that it is possible to zoom far beyond the limit by changing the value of scale=40000.000000 in the url to a lower number--><ref>{{Google maps
| title = Route of Highway 405
| url = http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=ON-405+E&daddr=43.153395,-79.130276&hl=en&geocode=FdZxkgIdPElI-w%3B&mra=mi&mrsp=1,0&sz=16&sll=43.151834,-79.134758&sspn=0.008406,0.022702&ie=UTF8&ll=43.151129,-79.133706&spn=0.016813,0.045404&t=k&z=15
| accessdate = June 10, 2010}}</ref>，其後短暫進入[[尼亞加拉瀑布城 (安大略省)|尼亞加拉瀑布城]]境内並與史丹利大道（尼亞加拉區102號區道）交匯。這是405號公路沿途唯一一個交匯處；從此處起東行交通必須跨越劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋前往美國。公路在史丹利大道以西改以護欄分隔並擴濶至五線行車（三線東行、雙線西行），以配合排隊過關的貨車車龍<ref name="construction">{{cite journal
|title = Queenston–Lewiston Bridge 5th Lane
|publisher = Business Information Group
|work = Canadian Consulting Engineer
|date = October 2006
|url = http://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/issues/story.aspx?aid=1000207283
|accessdate = June 28, 2010
}}{{Dead link|date=2020年6月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>，重回濱湖尼亞加拉鎮界之内後從北端掠過尼亞加拉水力發電站的儲水池<ref name="toporama" />再抵達加拿大的邊檢關卡，跨越[[尼亞加拉園林路]]後駁上劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋<ref name="toporama" />。405號省道編號在[[美加邊境]]結束；在此以東的路段隸屬190號州際公路。
[[File:Highway_405_Plaza.png|thumb|left|位於405號公路東端的加拿大邊檢關卡]]
== 歷史 ==
1930年代，時任安省公路廳長麥奎斯頓（{{lang|en|Thomas McQuesten}}）構想在[[南安大略]]興建一系列雙程分隔公路來連接安省和[[紐約州]]，而現時的405號公路正屬其中一環<ref name="QEW" />。從[[多倫多]]經[[哈密爾頓 (安大略省)|咸美頓]]通往美加邊境的QEW早於1942年取道[[尼亞加拉瀑布城 (安大略省)|尼亞加拉瀑布城]]過境，但該公路當年尚未全線達致高速公路資格，405號公路因此成為首條連接安省和紐約州的高速公路。405號公路和劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋的規劃工序同於1958年展開，並於1960年動工<ref>{{cite news
| title = Above the Regular Budget
| work = The Ottawa Citizen
| date = July 31, 1958
| page = 7
| volume = 116
| issue = 29
| url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uT4vAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qN8FAAAAIBAJ&dq=hamilton%20expressway%20toronto&pg=4732%2C2879605
| accessdate = October 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite report
| title = 1960 Annual Report
| publisher = Ontario Department of Highways
| date = March 31, 1961
| pages = 11, 175
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ngAjAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22annual+report%22+%22Highway+405%22+Ontario&q=%22Highway+405%22
| accessdate = June 24, 2010}}</ref>。大橋率先於1962年11月1日通車<ref>{{cite web
| title = Bridges Over Niagara Falls
| first = Rick
| last = Berketa
| publisher = Niagara Falls Thunder Alley
| section = The Third Queenston-Lewiston Steel Arch Bridge
| url = http://www.niagarafrontier.com/bridges.html#b15
| accessdate = June 26, 2010}}</ref>，而405號公路則於1963年8月完成<ref>{{cite news
| title = A New View Is In Store For Niagara Visitors
| first = Cliff
| last = Spieler
| publisher = New York Times
| date = June 9, 1963
| section = Resorts and Travel
| page = 445
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60D13F73A55177A93CBA9178DD85F478685F9
| accessdate = June 25, 2010}}</ref>，並於同年9月11日正式對外開放<ref name="open" />，而史丹利大道交匯處則於1969年落成啓用<ref name="1969 report">{{cite report
| title = Annual Report
| publisher = Ontario Department of Highways
| date = March 31, 1970
| page = 22}}</ref>。
當局於2004年改建公路的東端以便貨車排隊過關<ref name="construction" />：工程包括從史丹利大道交匯處起增設一條東行線，以及逐步拆除尼亞加拉園林路交匯處<ref>{{cite report
|title = Eastern Ontario Transportation Logistics Study
|authors = D. Hackston, R. Taylor, P. Skorochod, G.W. English, P. Heimrath, J. MacDonald
|publisher = Northumberland County
|date = March 2007
|pages = 20–21
|url = http://www.northumberlandcounty.ca/en/common/Eastern%20Ontario%20Transportation%20Logistics%20Study.pdf
|accessdate = June 28, 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302214202/http://www.northumberlandcounty.ca/en/common/Eastern%20Ontario%20Transportation%20Logistics%20Study.pdf
|archive-date = 2012-03-02
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref><ref name="ramp">{{cite news
|title = Queenston bridge project to close ramp ; Reconstruction of toll plaza means an end to quick westbound access to parkway
|first = Bill
|last = Michelmore
|work = The Buffalo News
|date = November 14, 2006
|url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23011892.html
|accessdate = April 16, 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160410064342/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23011892.html
|archive-date = 2016-04-10
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref>。公路並於2006年10月13日正式命名為“布洛克將軍園林公路”（{{lang|en|General Brock Parkway}}），以紀念在[[1812年戰爭]]昆士頓高地戰役中陣亡的英軍將領[[艾薩克·布洛克]]<ref>{{cite report
|title = 38:2 Bill 66, General Brock Parkway Act
|publisher = Ontario Legislative Assembly
|year = 2006
|url = http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&BillID=361&isCurrent=false&detailPage=bills_detail_the_bill&Intranet=
|accessdate = June 25, 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110610063044/http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&BillID=361&isCurrent=false&detailPage=bills_detail_the_bill&Intranet=
|archive-date = 2011-06-10
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Monument, University Named for 1812 War Hero Sir Isaac Brock, and Now, Highway
| first = Paul
| last = Forsyth
| publisher = Metroland Media Group
| work = Niagara This Week
| date = June 28, 2006
| url = http://www.niagarathisweek.com/NiagaraThisWeek/Article/210301
| accessdate = June 26, 2010}}</ref>。
== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|2}}
== 走線 ==
405號公路的主要用途是透過[[劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋]]連接QEW和190號州際公路<ref name="QEW">{{cite book
| title = The Queen Elizabeth Way, Canada's First Superhighway
| last = Stamp
| first = Robert M.
| publisher = Boston Mills Press
| year = 1987
| isbn = 0-919783-84-8}}</ref>，沿途慢慢登上尼亞加拉懸崖，在史丹利大道（{{lang|en|Stanley Avenue}}）以東達致沿線最高點。公路沿途主要經過森林，而沿線主要聚落只得昆士頓村<ref name="toporama" />。
405號公路西端在[[濱湖尼亞加拉]]西南部從QEW分支，往東延約1.5公里，之後稍往東南拐。來回方向行車線在西端以寬闊的草坪分隔，草坪之後逐漸收窄至{{convert|15|m|ft}}濶<ref name="toporama">{{cite map
|title = Canadian Topographic Atlas - Highway 405
|author = Toporama
|publisher = Ministry of Natural Resources Canada
|url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?layers=nodata_ntdb_50k%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour&scale=40000.000000&mapxy=1315180.5572053108%20-493633.9137385053&map_layer&91;northarrow&93;_class&91;0&93;_style&91;0&93;=ANGLE%20-14.33157017424027&mapsize=525%20466&urlappend=
|accessdate = June 10, 2010
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121003075627/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?layers=nodata_ntdb_50k%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour&scale=40000.000000&mapxy=1315180.5572053108%20-493633.9137385053&map_layer&91;northarrow&93;_class&91;0&93;_style&91;0&93;=ANGLE%20-14.33157017424027&mapsize=525%20466&urlappend=
|archivedate = 2012年10月3日
}}</ref><!-- Note that it is possible to zoom far beyond the limit by changing the value of scale=40000.000000 in the url to a lower number--><ref>{{Google maps
| title = Route of Highway 405
| url = http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=ON-405+E&daddr=43.153395,-79.130276&hl=en&geocode=FdZxkgIdPElI-w%3B&mra=mi&mrsp=1,0&sz=16&sll=43.151834,-79.134758&sspn=0.008406,0.022702&ie=UTF8&ll=43.151129,-79.133706&spn=0.016813,0.045404&t=k&z=15
| accessdate = June 10, 2010}}</ref>，其後短暫進入[[尼亞加拉瀑布城 (安大略省)|尼亞加拉瀑布城]]境内並與史丹利大道（尼亞加拉區102號區道）交匯。這是405號公路沿途唯一一個交匯處；從此處起東行交通必須跨越劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋前往美國。公路在史丹利大道以西改以護欄分隔並擴濶至五線行車（三線東行、雙線西行），以配合排隊過關的貨車車龍<ref name="construction">{{cite journal
|title = Queenston–Lewiston Bridge 5th Lane
|publisher = Business Information Group
|work = Canadian Consulting Engineer
|date = October 2006
|url = http://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/issues/story.aspx?aid=1000207283
|accessdate = June 28, 2010
}}{{Dead link|date=2020年6月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>，重回濱湖尼亞加拉鎮界之内後從北端掠過尼亞加拉水力發電站的儲水池<ref name="toporama" />再抵達加拿大的邊檢關卡，跨越[[尼亞加拉園林路]]後駁上劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋<ref name="toporama" />。405號省道編號在[[美加邊境]]結束；在此以東的路段隸屬190號州際公路。
[[File:Highway_405_Plaza.png|thumb|left|位於405號公路東端的加拿大邊檢關卡]]
== 歷史 ==
1930年代，時任安省公路廳長麥奎斯頓（{{lang|en|Thomas McQuesten}}）構想在[[南安大略]]興建一系列雙程分隔公路來連接安省和[[紐約州]]，而現時的405號公路正屬其中一環<ref name="QEW" />。從[[多倫多]]經[[哈密爾頓 (安大略省)|咸美頓]]通往美加邊境的QEW早於1942年取道[[尼亞加拉瀑布城 (安大略省)|尼亞加拉瀑布城]]過境，但該公路當年尚未全線達致高速公路資格，405號公路因此成為首條連接安省和紐約州的高速公路。405號公路和劉易斯頓-昆士頓橋的規劃工序同於1958年展開，並於1960年動工<ref>{{cite news
| title = Above the Regular Budget
| work = The Ottawa Citizen
| date = July 31, 1958
| page = 7
| volume = 116
| issue = 29
| url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uT4vAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qN8FAAAAIBAJ&dq=hamilton%20expressway%20toronto&pg=4732%2C2879605
| accessdate = October 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite report
| title = 1960 Annual Report
| publisher = Ontario Department of Highways
| date = March 31, 1961
| pages = 11, 175
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ngAjAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22annual+report%22+%22Highway+405%22+Ontario&q=%22Highway+405%22
| accessdate = June 24, 2010}}</ref>。大橋率先於1962年11月1日通車<ref>{{cite web
| title = Bridges Over Niagara Falls
| first = Rick
| last = Berketa
| publisher = Niagara Falls Thunder Alley
| section = The Third Queenston-Lewiston Steel Arch Bridge
| url = http://www.niagarafrontier.com/bridges.html#b15
| accessdate = June 26, 2010}}</ref>，而405號公路則於1963年8月完成<ref>{{cite news
| title = A New View Is In Store For Niagara Visitors
| first = Cliff
| last = Spieler
| publisher = New York Times
| date = June 9, 1963
| section = Resorts and Travel
| page = 445
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60D13F73A55177A93CBA9178DD85F478685F9
| accessdate = June 25, 2010}}</ref>，並於同年9月11日正式對外開放<ref name="open" />，而史丹利大道交匯處則於1969年落成啓用<ref name="1969 report">{{cite report
| title = Annual Report
| publisher = Ontario Department of Highways
| date = March 31, 1970
| page = 22}}</ref>。
當局於2004年改建公路的東端以便貨車排隊過關<ref name="construction" />：工程包括從史丹利大道交匯處起增設一條東行線，以及逐步拆除尼亞加拉園林路交匯處<ref>{{cite report
|title = Eastern Ontario Transportation Logistics Study
|authors = D. Hackston, R. Taylor, P. Skorochod, G.W. English, P. Heimrath, J. MacDonald
|publisher = Northumberland County
|date = March 2007
|pages = 20–21
|url = http://www.northumberlandcounty.ca/en/common/Eastern%20Ontario%20Transportation%20Logistics%20Study.pdf
|accessdate = June 28, 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302214202/http://www.northumberlandcounty.ca/en/common/Eastern%20Ontario%20Transportation%20Logistics%20Study.pdf
|archive-date = 2012-03-02
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref><ref name="ramp">{{cite news
|title = Queenston bridge project to close ramp ; Reconstruction of toll plaza means an end to quick westbound access to parkway
|first = Bill
|last = Michelmore
|work = The Buffalo News
|date = November 14, 2006
|url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23011892.html
|accessdate = April 16, 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160410064342/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23011892.html
|archive-date = 2016-04-10
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref>。公路並於2006年10月13日正式命名為“布洛克將軍園林公路”（{{lang|en|General Brock Parkway}}），以紀念在[[1812年戰爭]]昆士頓高地戰役中陣亡的英軍將領[[艾薩克·布洛克]]<ref>{{cite report
|title = 38:2 Bill 66, General Brock Parkway Act
|publisher = Ontario Legislative Assembly
|year = 2006
|url = http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&BillID=361&isCurrent=false&detailPage=bills_detail_the_bill&Intranet=
|accessdate = June 25, 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110610063044/http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&BillID=361&isCurrent=false&detailPage=bills_detail_the_bill&Intranet=
|archive-date = 2011-06-10
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Monument, University Named for 1812 War Hero Sir Isaac Brock, and Now, Highway
| first = Paul
| last = Forsyth
| publisher = Metroland Media Group
| work = Niagara This Week
| date = June 28, 2006
| url = http://www.niagarathisweek.com/NiagaraThisWeek/Article/210301
| accessdate = June 26, 2010}}</ref>。
== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|2}}