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{| class="wikitable"
! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> 瑪麗安·米爾札哈尼 </p>
|-
|<center><img src="https://inteng-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/img/iea/lV6DXJ5R6x/sizes/maryam-mirzakhani-main_resize_md.jpg" width="280" > </center>
<small>[https://interestingengineering.com/maryam-mirzakhani-the-only-woman-to-have-won-maths-highest-honor 圖片來自interestingengineering] <br>
'''出生''' 1977年5月5日<br>
'''逝世''' 2017年7月14日（40歲）<br>
'''母校''' [[哈佛大學]]<br>
'''曾獲獎''' 2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]得主<br>
'''知名於''' 數學家<br>
'''專業領域''' 曲面對稱性的研究<br>
</small>
|}
</div>
'''瑪麗安·米爾札哈尼'''（波斯語:مریم میرزاخانی)，('''Maryam Mirzakhani''')，{{bd|1977年|5月5日|2017年|7月14日|catIdx=Mirzakhani, Maryam}}），生於[[伊朗]][[德黑蘭]]，數學家，專長[[幾何學]]，研究領域包括{{link-en|泰希米勒理論|Teichmüller theory}}、[[雙曲幾何]]、[[遍歷理論]]及[[辛幾何]]<ref name="mmcv2"/>。
2008年9月1日起成為[[史丹佛大學]]的數學[[教授]]<ref name="Weil-Petersson">{{cite journal|title=Weil-Petersson volumes and intersection theory on the moduli space of curves|url=http://www.ams.org/home/page/|date=2007|journal=Journal of the American Mathematical Society|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1090/s0894-0347-06-00526-1|pages=1–23|issn=0894-0347|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-04-03|author=Maryam Mirzakhani|archive-date=2019-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215063846/https://www.ams.org/home/page|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces|journal=Inventiones mathematicae|doi=10.1007/s00222-006-0013-2|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00222-006-0013-2|date=2007-01-01|volume=167|issue=1|language=en|pages=179–222|issn=0020-9910|accessdate=2018-04-03|author=Maryam Mirzakhani}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/april9/prezreport-040908.html|title=Report of the President to the Board of Trustees|date=9 April 2008|accessdate=12 August 2014|publisher=Stanford University|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060926/https://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/april9/prezreport-040908.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
米爾札哈尼為2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]得主之一，也是獲得這個數學獎項的首位女性及首位伊朗人<ref name="Farsnews">{{cite news|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321|title=President Rouhani Congratulates Iranian Woman for Winning Math Nobel Prize|date=14 August 2014|accessdate=14 August 2014|publisher=[[Fars News Agency]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814194229/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321|archive-date=2014-08-14|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=ball>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2014.15686|title=Iranian is first woman to nab highest prize in maths|journal=Nature|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-03|doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15686|author=Philip Ball}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014|accessdate=12 August 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060901/https://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014%0A|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/12/first_female_fields_medal_winner_maryam_mirzakhani_of_stanford.html|title=A Woman Has Won the Fields Medal, Math's Highest Prize, for the First Time|last=Mathis-Lilley|first=Ben|date=8 August 2014|work=Slate|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814032405/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/12/first_female_fields_medal_winner_maryam_mirzakhani_of_stanford.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Polo|first=Susana|url=http://www.themarysue.com/woman-wins-fields-medal-for-first-time|title=Maryam Mirzakhani Becomes First Woman to Earn Fields Medal for Mathematics in Its 78 Year History|work=The Mary Sue|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.qlwb.com.cn/2014/0813/184640.shtml 伊朗米尔札哈尼成首位菲尔兹奖女性得主 为国际数学最高荣誉]</ref>。米爾札哈尼因為在曲面對稱性的研究貢獻而得獎。
中學時代，米爾札哈尼曾獲得二屆[[國際奧林匹克數學競賽]]的金牌，分別在1994年及1995年<ref name=olympiad>{{IMO results|id=926}}</ref>。她在1995年時獲得滿分，是第一個在此競賽中獲得滿分的伊朗學生<ref name=olympiad/><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26044-iranian-woman-wins-maths-top-prize-the-fields-medal.html|title=Iranian woman wins maths' top prize|work=New Scientist|date= 12 August 2014|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2005-09-13-brilliant-minds_x.htm |title='Brilliant' minds honored: Maryam Mirzakhani |newspaper=USA Today |first=Marissa |last=Newhall |date=13 September 2005}}</ref>。
==生平和教育==
米爾札哈尼在伊朗[[德黑兰]]出生。中學就讀於德黑兰的{{link-en|Farzanegan學校|Farzanegan School}}<!--国家杰出人才开发组织（National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents）-->，這個學校的校長是位女性，深信男女應該接受平等的教育機會。在校長的支持下，她參加1994年香港的[[國際奧林匹克數學競賽]]及1995年多倫多的國際奧林匹克數學競賽，皆獲得金牌<ref name=olympiad />。她在1994年競賽中，只差1分就獲得滿分，在1995年的比賽中則獲得滿分<ref name=olympiad/><ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1 />。
1998年2月，她和其他數學資優生參加完比賽，坐旅遊巴士回程途中發生車禍。她僥倖生還，但是有7名得獎的數學資優生和2名司機不幸身亡。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/15/maryam-mirzakhani-brain-drain-iran-president-tweet-photo|title=Iranian president tweets bare-headed photo of Maryam Mirzakhani|date=2014-08-15|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2018-08-02}}</ref>
米爾札哈尼在1999年在德黑蘭的[[謝里夫理工大學]]獲得數學學士學位，研究所在美國就讀，在2004年時在[[哈佛大學]]獲得博士學位，指導教授是[[菲爾茲獎]]得主[[柯蒂斯·麥克馬倫]]。米爾札哈尼在2004年成為[[克雷數學研究所]]研究員，以及[[普林斯頓大學]]教授<ref>{{Scopus|id=15127847300}}</ref>，在2008年時，成為[[史丹福大學]]教授。
==學術貢獻==
米爾札哈尼在[[黎曼曲面]]的研究上提出許多新的突破。米爾札哈尼在早期的研究中提出了一個特定虧格[[模空间]]體積的公式，是一個其邊界元素數量的多項式，這也讓她可以為[[馬克西姆·孔采維奇]]和[[愛德華·維騰]]提出的有關模空间上tautology class相交數的公式提供新的證明<ref name="Weil-Petersson"/>，也證明了緊緻雙曲面上簡單封閉[[測地線]]數量成長趨勢的漸近公式<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mirzakhani|first1=Maryam |title=Growth of the number of simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces|journal=Annals of Mathematics|year=2008 |doi=10.4007/annals.2008.168.97|volume=168|issue=1|pages=97–125|mr=2415399|zbl=1177.37036}}</ref>。她後來的研究專注於模空间中的Teichmüller動態，最特別的是她證明了[[威廉·瑟斯顿]]提出，{{link-en|泰希米勒空間|Teichmüller space}}上的{{link-en|Earthquake map|Earthquake map}}流都是遍歷系統的[[猜想]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mirzakhani|first1=M.|title=Ergodic Theory of the Earthquake Flow|journal=[[International Mathematics Research Notices]]|date=July 2010|doi=10.1093/imrn/rnm116}}</ref>。
在2014年時，配合Amir Mohammadi提供的資料，米爾札哈尼和Alex Eskin證明了模空间中的複數測地線以及閉包為正則（regular）的，不是非正則（irregular）或碎形的。複數測地線的閉包是以多項式方式定義的代數物件，有一定程度的剛性（rigidity），類似{{link-en|Marina Ratner|Marina Ratner}}在1990年代時得到的著名結果。[[国际数学联盟]]在其出版的刊物中提到：「很訝異地發現齊次空間下的剛性也可以在非齊次的模空间中看到
」<ref>{{cite press release|title=The Work of Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=International Mathematics Union|url=http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_mirzakhani.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192455/http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_mirzakhani.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
2014年時米爾札哈尼由於「在[[黎曼曲面]]以及模空間下的[[動力學]]及幾何學中的傑出貢獻」而獲得2014年的菲爾茲獎<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014 citations|accessdate=12 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213606/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。伊朗總統[[哈桑·鲁哈尼]]祝賀她的獲奬。
==個人生活==
米爾札哈尼的丈夫為Jan Vondrák，是捷克的[[理論計算機科學|理論計算機科學家]]，在{{link-en|IBM Almaden研究中心|IBM Almaden Research Center}}工作<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Vondrák|url=http://theory.stanford.edu/~jvondrak/data/cv.pdf|website=Stanford University|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=2018-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304192950/http://theory.stanford.edu/~jvondrak/data/cv.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>[http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view.php?person=us-jvondrak Jan Vondrak profile] , ibm.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</ref>。他們有一個女兒，名叫Anahita<ref>[http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces "A Tenacious Explorer of Abstract Surfaces"] , simonsfoundation.org. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</ref>。
===逝世===
2017年7月14日，米爾札哈尼因[[乳腺癌]]去世，終年40歲<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematics-world-mourns-maryam-mirzakhani-only-woman-to-win-fields-medal/ Mathematics World Mourns Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win Fields Medal]，scientificamerican，17July 2017</ref><ref name="mehrnews">{{cite news|title=Maryam Mirzakhani died|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/مریم-میرزاخانی-درگذشت|agency=Mehr news Agancy|date=15 July 2017|language=fa|accessdate=2020-09-14|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060853/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chang|first1=Kenneth|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win a Fields Medal, Dies at 40|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/us/maryam-mirzakhani-dead.html|website=The New York Times|date=16 July 2017|accessdate=2017-07-17|archive-date=2018-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226232257/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/us/maryam-mirzakhani-dead.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="stanforddeath">{{cite web|last1=Myers|first1=Andrew|last2=Carey|first2=Bjorn|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies|url=http://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/|website=Stanford News|date=2017-07-15|accessdate=2017-07-17|archive-date=2017-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717171425/http://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。她在離世前數星期被診斷出癌細胞擴散至骨髓，是癌症第三次復發，之後在美國一間醫院接受加護治療。<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/13/528317/Iran-mathematician-Maryam-Mirzakhani|title=Iranian math genius battles cancer recurrence at US hospital|website=PressTV.ir|date=2017-07-13|accessdate=2017-07-16|archive-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715172206/http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/13/528317/Iran-mathematician-Maryam-Mirzakhani|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==榮譽及獎項==
*2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]<ref name=ball/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060901/https://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014%0A|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2014/08/12/medaille-fields-de-mathematiques-une-femme-promue-pour-la-premiere-fois_4470640_3244.html|title=Médaille Fields de mathématiques : une femme promue pour la première fois|newspaper=Le Monde|date=12 August 2014|first1=David|last1=Larousserie|language=fr|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060925/https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2014/08/12/medaille-fields-de-mathematiques-une-femme-promue-pour-la-premiere-fois_4470640_3244.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 国际数学家大会（ICM 2014）的大會演講
* 2014年{{link-en|克雷研究奖|Clay Research Award}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claymath.org/events/news/2014-clay-research-awards|title=2014 Clay Research Awards|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060927/http://www.claymath.org/events/news/2014-clay-research-awards|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2013年的[[露絲·蕾特·薩特數學獎]]：此獎項由[[美國數學學會]]每兩年頒發一次，表揚過去六年在數學上有傑出貢獻的女性，此奬項是2013年的1月10日在聖地牙哥舉行的联合数学会议中頒發<ref name=AMS/>
* 2010年受邀在[[國際數學家大會]]中演講，講題為「拓扑、动力系统与常微分方程」<ref>{{cite web|title=ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897|url=http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|publisher=International Congress of Mathematicians|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108012153/http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2009年的{{link-en|布卢门撒尔奖|Blumenthal Award}}<ref name="AMS">[http://www.ams.org/ams/press/blumenthal-2009.html American Mathematical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130112052923/http://www.ams.org/ams/press/blumenthal-2009.html |date=2013-01-12 }}. Retrieved 6 January 2009</ref>
* 2004年成為克雷數學研究所的研究員<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf|title=Interview with Research Fellow Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=Oxford University|year=2008|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2014-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827222953/http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<!--* Harvard Junior Fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2"/>
* Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2"/>
* [[Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences|IPM]] Fellowship, Tehran, Iran, 1995–99<ref name="mmcv2"/>-->
==参考资料==
{{Reflist|2}}
==視頻==
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<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematics-world-mourns-maryam-mirzakhani-only-woman-to-win-fields-medal/ Mathematics World Mourns Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win Fields Medal]，scientificamerican，17July 2017</ref>
== 參考文獻 ==
{{reflist}}
==外部連結==
*[https://interestingengineering.com/maryam-mirzakhani-the-only-woman-to-have-won-maths-highest-honor interestingengineering -Maryam Mirzakhani, the Only Woman to Have Won Math's Highest Honor]
*[https://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/ Stanford NEWS- Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies ]
*[http://www.ams.org/profession/mirzakhani American Mathematical Society · -A Tribute to Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani, May 12, 1977-July 14, 2017]
{| class="wikitable"
! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> 瑪麗安·米爾札哈尼 </p>
|-
|<center><img src="https://inteng-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/img/iea/lV6DXJ5R6x/sizes/maryam-mirzakhani-main_resize_md.jpg" width="280" > </center>
<small>[https://interestingengineering.com/maryam-mirzakhani-the-only-woman-to-have-won-maths-highest-honor 圖片來自interestingengineering] <br>
'''出生''' 1977年5月5日<br>
'''逝世''' 2017年7月14日（40歲）<br>
'''母校''' [[哈佛大學]]<br>
'''曾獲獎''' 2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]得主<br>
'''知名於''' 數學家<br>
'''專業領域''' 曲面對稱性的研究<br>
</small>
|}
</div>
'''瑪麗安·米爾札哈尼'''（波斯語:مریم میرزاخانی)，('''Maryam Mirzakhani''')，{{bd|1977年|5月5日|2017年|7月14日|catIdx=Mirzakhani, Maryam}}），生於[[伊朗]][[德黑蘭]]，數學家，專長[[幾何學]]，研究領域包括{{link-en|泰希米勒理論|Teichmüller theory}}、[[雙曲幾何]]、[[遍歷理論]]及[[辛幾何]]<ref name="mmcv2"/>。
2008年9月1日起成為[[史丹佛大學]]的數學[[教授]]<ref name="Weil-Petersson">{{cite journal|title=Weil-Petersson volumes and intersection theory on the moduli space of curves|url=http://www.ams.org/home/page/|date=2007|journal=Journal of the American Mathematical Society|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1090/s0894-0347-06-00526-1|pages=1–23|issn=0894-0347|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-04-03|author=Maryam Mirzakhani|archive-date=2019-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215063846/https://www.ams.org/home/page|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces|journal=Inventiones mathematicae|doi=10.1007/s00222-006-0013-2|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00222-006-0013-2|date=2007-01-01|volume=167|issue=1|language=en|pages=179–222|issn=0020-9910|accessdate=2018-04-03|author=Maryam Mirzakhani}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/april9/prezreport-040908.html|title=Report of the President to the Board of Trustees|date=9 April 2008|accessdate=12 August 2014|publisher=Stanford University|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060926/https://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/april9/prezreport-040908.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
米爾札哈尼為2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]得主之一，也是獲得這個數學獎項的首位女性及首位伊朗人<ref name="Farsnews">{{cite news|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321|title=President Rouhani Congratulates Iranian Woman for Winning Math Nobel Prize|date=14 August 2014|accessdate=14 August 2014|publisher=[[Fars News Agency]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814194229/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321|archive-date=2014-08-14|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=ball>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2014.15686|title=Iranian is first woman to nab highest prize in maths|journal=Nature|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-03|doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15686|author=Philip Ball}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014|accessdate=12 August 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060901/https://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014%0A|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/12/first_female_fields_medal_winner_maryam_mirzakhani_of_stanford.html|title=A Woman Has Won the Fields Medal, Math's Highest Prize, for the First Time|last=Mathis-Lilley|first=Ben|date=8 August 2014|work=Slate|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814032405/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/12/first_female_fields_medal_winner_maryam_mirzakhani_of_stanford.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Polo|first=Susana|url=http://www.themarysue.com/woman-wins-fields-medal-for-first-time|title=Maryam Mirzakhani Becomes First Woman to Earn Fields Medal for Mathematics in Its 78 Year History|work=The Mary Sue|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.qlwb.com.cn/2014/0813/184640.shtml 伊朗米尔札哈尼成首位菲尔兹奖女性得主 为国际数学最高荣誉]</ref>。米爾札哈尼因為在曲面對稱性的研究貢獻而得獎。
中學時代，米爾札哈尼曾獲得二屆[[國際奧林匹克數學競賽]]的金牌，分別在1994年及1995年<ref name=olympiad>{{IMO results|id=926}}</ref>。她在1995年時獲得滿分，是第一個在此競賽中獲得滿分的伊朗學生<ref name=olympiad/><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26044-iranian-woman-wins-maths-top-prize-the-fields-medal.html|title=Iranian woman wins maths' top prize|work=New Scientist|date= 12 August 2014|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2005-09-13-brilliant-minds_x.htm |title='Brilliant' minds honored: Maryam Mirzakhani |newspaper=USA Today |first=Marissa |last=Newhall |date=13 September 2005}}</ref>。
==生平和教育==
米爾札哈尼在伊朗[[德黑兰]]出生。中學就讀於德黑兰的{{link-en|Farzanegan學校|Farzanegan School}}<!--国家杰出人才开发组织（National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents）-->，這個學校的校長是位女性，深信男女應該接受平等的教育機會。在校長的支持下，她參加1994年香港的[[國際奧林匹克數學競賽]]及1995年多倫多的國際奧林匹克數學競賽，皆獲得金牌<ref name=olympiad />。她在1994年競賽中，只差1分就獲得滿分，在1995年的比賽中則獲得滿分<ref name=olympiad/><ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1 />。
1998年2月，她和其他數學資優生參加完比賽，坐旅遊巴士回程途中發生車禍。她僥倖生還，但是有7名得獎的數學資優生和2名司機不幸身亡。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/15/maryam-mirzakhani-brain-drain-iran-president-tweet-photo|title=Iranian president tweets bare-headed photo of Maryam Mirzakhani|date=2014-08-15|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2018-08-02}}</ref>
米爾札哈尼在1999年在德黑蘭的[[謝里夫理工大學]]獲得數學學士學位，研究所在美國就讀，在2004年時在[[哈佛大學]]獲得博士學位，指導教授是[[菲爾茲獎]]得主[[柯蒂斯·麥克馬倫]]。米爾札哈尼在2004年成為[[克雷數學研究所]]研究員，以及[[普林斯頓大學]]教授<ref>{{Scopus|id=15127847300}}</ref>，在2008年時，成為[[史丹福大學]]教授。
==學術貢獻==
米爾札哈尼在[[黎曼曲面]]的研究上提出許多新的突破。米爾札哈尼在早期的研究中提出了一個特定虧格[[模空间]]體積的公式，是一個其邊界元素數量的多項式，這也讓她可以為[[馬克西姆·孔采維奇]]和[[愛德華·維騰]]提出的有關模空间上tautology class相交數的公式提供新的證明<ref name="Weil-Petersson"/>，也證明了緊緻雙曲面上簡單封閉[[測地線]]數量成長趨勢的漸近公式<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mirzakhani|first1=Maryam |title=Growth of the number of simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces|journal=Annals of Mathematics|year=2008 |doi=10.4007/annals.2008.168.97|volume=168|issue=1|pages=97–125|mr=2415399|zbl=1177.37036}}</ref>。她後來的研究專注於模空间中的Teichmüller動態，最特別的是她證明了[[威廉·瑟斯顿]]提出，{{link-en|泰希米勒空間|Teichmüller space}}上的{{link-en|Earthquake map|Earthquake map}}流都是遍歷系統的[[猜想]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mirzakhani|first1=M.|title=Ergodic Theory of the Earthquake Flow|journal=[[International Mathematics Research Notices]]|date=July 2010|doi=10.1093/imrn/rnm116}}</ref>。
在2014年時，配合Amir Mohammadi提供的資料，米爾札哈尼和Alex Eskin證明了模空间中的複數測地線以及閉包為正則（regular）的，不是非正則（irregular）或碎形的。複數測地線的閉包是以多項式方式定義的代數物件，有一定程度的剛性（rigidity），類似{{link-en|Marina Ratner|Marina Ratner}}在1990年代時得到的著名結果。[[国际数学联盟]]在其出版的刊物中提到：「很訝異地發現齊次空間下的剛性也可以在非齊次的模空间中看到
」<ref>{{cite press release|title=The Work of Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=International Mathematics Union|url=http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_mirzakhani.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192455/http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_mirzakhani.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
2014年時米爾札哈尼由於「在[[黎曼曲面]]以及模空間下的[[動力學]]及幾何學中的傑出貢獻」而獲得2014年的菲爾茲獎<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014 citations|accessdate=12 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213606/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。伊朗總統[[哈桑·鲁哈尼]]祝賀她的獲奬。
==個人生活==
米爾札哈尼的丈夫為Jan Vondrák，是捷克的[[理論計算機科學|理論計算機科學家]]，在{{link-en|IBM Almaden研究中心|IBM Almaden Research Center}}工作<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Vondrák|url=http://theory.stanford.edu/~jvondrak/data/cv.pdf|website=Stanford University|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=2018-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304192950/http://theory.stanford.edu/~jvondrak/data/cv.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>[http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view.php?person=us-jvondrak Jan Vondrak profile] , ibm.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</ref>。他們有一個女兒，名叫Anahita<ref>[http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces "A Tenacious Explorer of Abstract Surfaces"] , simonsfoundation.org. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</ref>。
===逝世===
2017年7月14日，米爾札哈尼因[[乳腺癌]]去世，終年40歲<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematics-world-mourns-maryam-mirzakhani-only-woman-to-win-fields-medal/ Mathematics World Mourns Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win Fields Medal]，scientificamerican，17July 2017</ref><ref name="mehrnews">{{cite news|title=Maryam Mirzakhani died|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/مریم-میرزاخانی-درگذشت|agency=Mehr news Agancy|date=15 July 2017|language=fa|accessdate=2020-09-14|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060853/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chang|first1=Kenneth|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win a Fields Medal, Dies at 40|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/us/maryam-mirzakhani-dead.html|website=The New York Times|date=16 July 2017|accessdate=2017-07-17|archive-date=2018-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226232257/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/us/maryam-mirzakhani-dead.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="stanforddeath">{{cite web|last1=Myers|first1=Andrew|last2=Carey|first2=Bjorn|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies|url=http://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/|website=Stanford News|date=2017-07-15|accessdate=2017-07-17|archive-date=2017-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717171425/http://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。她在離世前數星期被診斷出癌細胞擴散至骨髓，是癌症第三次復發，之後在美國一間醫院接受加護治療。<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/13/528317/Iran-mathematician-Maryam-Mirzakhani|title=Iranian math genius battles cancer recurrence at US hospital|website=PressTV.ir|date=2017-07-13|accessdate=2017-07-16|archive-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715172206/http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/13/528317/Iran-mathematician-Maryam-Mirzakhani|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==榮譽及獎項==
*2014年[[菲爾茲獎]]<ref name=ball/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060901/https://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014%0A|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2014/08/12/medaille-fields-de-mathematiques-une-femme-promue-pour-la-premiere-fois_4470640_3244.html|title=Médaille Fields de mathématiques : une femme promue pour la première fois|newspaper=Le Monde|date=12 August 2014|first1=David|last1=Larousserie|language=fr|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060925/https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2014/08/12/medaille-fields-de-mathematiques-une-femme-promue-pour-la-premiere-fois_4470640_3244.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 国际数学家大会（ICM 2014）的大會演講
* 2014年{{link-en|克雷研究奖|Clay Research Award}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claymath.org/events/news/2014-clay-research-awards|title=2014 Clay Research Awards|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060927/http://www.claymath.org/events/news/2014-clay-research-awards|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2013年的[[露絲·蕾特·薩特數學獎]]：此獎項由[[美國數學學會]]每兩年頒發一次，表揚過去六年在數學上有傑出貢獻的女性，此奬項是2013年的1月10日在聖地牙哥舉行的联合数学会议中頒發<ref name=AMS/>
* 2010年受邀在[[國際數學家大會]]中演講，講題為「拓扑、动力系统与常微分方程」<ref>{{cite web|title=ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897|url=http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|publisher=International Congress of Mathematicians|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108012153/http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2009年的{{link-en|布卢门撒尔奖|Blumenthal Award}}<ref name="AMS">[http://www.ams.org/ams/press/blumenthal-2009.html American Mathematical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130112052923/http://www.ams.org/ams/press/blumenthal-2009.html |date=2013-01-12 }}. Retrieved 6 January 2009</ref>
* 2004年成為克雷數學研究所的研究員<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf|title=Interview with Research Fellow Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=Oxford University|year=2008|accessdate=2014-08-17|archive-date=2014-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827222953/http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<!--* Harvard Junior Fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2"/>
* Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2"/>
* [[Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences|IPM]] Fellowship, Tehran, Iran, 1995–99<ref name="mmcv2"/>-->
==参考资料==
{{Reflist|2}}
==視頻==
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<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematics-world-mourns-maryam-mirzakhani-only-woman-to-win-fields-medal/ Mathematics World Mourns Maryam Mirzakhani, Only Woman to Win Fields Medal]，scientificamerican，17July 2017</ref>
== 參考文獻 ==
{{reflist}}
==外部連結==
*[https://interestingengineering.com/maryam-mirzakhani-the-only-woman-to-have-won-maths-highest-honor interestingengineering -Maryam Mirzakhani, the Only Woman to Have Won Math's Highest Honor]
*[https://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/ Stanford NEWS- Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies ]
*[http://www.ams.org/profession/mirzakhani American Mathematical Society · -A Tribute to Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani, May 12, 1977-July 14, 2017]