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肌动蛋白丝

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無編輯摘要
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E8%82%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%9D&step_word=&hs=0&pn=102&spn=0&di=7136437450519347201&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3989610172%2C517826273&os=946049976%2C3591896951&simid=3989610172%2C517826273&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=401&fr=&fmq=1666952820289_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fpic%2F48540923dd54564eca16eccbbdde9c82d0584fd4%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669545060%26t%3D9df68e4ea4311c7e2f19c1607fc78b6a&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fkwthj_z%26e3Bkwt17_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Ftpj4AzdH3F%25Eb%25bd%25bC%25Ec%25b0%25lD%25Eb%25lB%25bB%25E0%25ll%25BDAzdH3Fbc9ad99&gsm=5a0000000000005a&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''肌动蛋白丝'''<br><img
src="3 https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fpic%2F48540923dd54564eca16eccbbdde9c82d0584fd4&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1669545060&t=9df68e4ea4311c7e2f19c1607fc78b6a " width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small>
|}
微丝(microfilaments)是由[[肌动蛋白]](Actin)分子螺旋状聚合成的,直径约为7nm的纤丝,又称[[肌动蛋白丝]](actin filament),与[[微管]]和中间纤维共同组成[[细胞骨架]],是一种所有真核细胞中均存在的分子量大约42kDa的蛋白质,也是一种高度保守的蛋白质,因物种差异(例如藻类与人类)的不同不会超过20%。微丝对细胞贴附、铺展、运动、[[内吞]]、[[细胞分裂]]等许多细胞功能具有重要作用。 <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/602674/74f9cLpgGusWaVNp_YKSc8j4Pa1Q-0Z9uHe3XQesTTnrZ9xdwh2vyhC9sa4rLJxjFqUmfrEKJ_gL8Mx0K6YGj4E 蓝色动物学,引用日期2015-08-27] </ref>
==组装与去组装==
微丝能被组装和去组装。当单体上结合的是[[ATP]]时,就会有较高的相互亲和力,单体趋向于聚合成多聚体,就是组装。而当ATP水解成ADP后,单体亲和力就会下降,多聚体趋向[[解聚]],即是去组装。高ATP浓度有利于微丝的组装。所以当将细胞质放入富含ATP的溶液时,细胞质会因为微丝的大量组装迅速凝固成胶。而微丝的两端组装速度并不一样。快的一端(+极)比慢的一端(-极)快上5到10倍。当ATP浓度达一定[[临界值]]时,可以观察到+极组装而-极同时去组装的现象,被命为“[[踏车行为]]”。 <ref>[[翟中和 王喜忠 丁明孝.细胞生物学(第4版):高等教育出版社,2011]]</ref>
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E8%82%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%9D&step_word=&hs=0&pn=35&spn=0&di=7146857200093233153&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=4261201475%2C1083743990&os=1393022975%2C1452462755&simid=3547254299%2C356062991&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=401&fr=&fmq=1666952820289_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpic4.zhimg.com%2F743c4a84cc1c4e1cf1a90b6ccdad08d7_r.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpic4.zhimg.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669545140%26t%3D5689652e14c1c35e6ed2953c014c3000&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bziti7_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fq7jfpt5gAzdH3Fdamdnll0AzdH3Fwgfoj6AzdH3F8lc90m8m&gsm=1e0000000000001e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"|<center>'''肌动蛋白丝'''<br><imgsrc="https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic4.zhimg.com%2F743c4a84cc1c4e1cf1a90b6ccdad08d7_r.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic4.zhimg.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1669545140&t=5689652e14c1c35e6ed2953c014c3000 " width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small> |}
===过程===
小肠上皮细胞的游离面存在着大量微绒毛(microvilli),其轴心是一束平行排列的微丝,微丝束正极指向微绒毛顶端,下端终止于端网结构(terminal web)。微丝束对微绒毛形态起着支持作用。由于微丝束不含肌球蛋白、原肌球蛋白和α-辅肌动蛋白,因而该微丝束无收缩能力。
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E8%82%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%9D&step_word=&hs=0&pn=34&spn=0&di=7146857200093233153&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=1420195704%2C4169622080&os=1615062790%2C2683365945&simid=4133467177%2C918677785&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=401&fr=&fmq=1666952820289_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.51wendang.com%2Fpic%2F18ae178f75aaf996860c20c0%2F88-810-jpg_6-1080-0-0-1080.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.51wendang.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669545221%26t%3Da079aab0ea93c20cea6ccd3ac252a152&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3B21p737g_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3FgjofAzdH3Fvwt-jvzqkvhhv_z%26e3Bip4&gsm=1e0000000000001e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"|<center>'''肌动蛋白丝'''<br><imgsrc="https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.51wendang.com%2Fpic%2F18ae178f75aaf996860c20c0%2F88-810-jpg_6-1080-0-0-1080.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.51wendang.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1669545221&t=a079aab0ea93c20cea6ccd3ac252a152" width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small> |}
'''细胞变形运动'''
鬼笔环肽(philloidin)是在真菌中提取的一种双环杆肽,与微丝有较强的亲合作用,荧光标记的鬼笔环肽可清晰地显示出细胞内的微丝。鬼笔环肽可增强肌动蛋白纤维的稳定性,抑制解聚,从而可防止微丝降解。实验研究发现,鬼笔环肽仅与F-肌动蛋白结合,而不与G-肌动蛋白结合。
'''视频'''
'''显微镜下看活细胞有丝分裂、微管、肌动蛋白丝、线粒体'''
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==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}
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