中日老鹳草查看源代码讨论查看历史
| 中日老鹳草 |
|
中文学名:中日老鹳草 拉丁学名:Geranium nepalense Sweet var. thunbergii (S. et Z.) Kudo 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:牻牛儿苗目 Geraniales 科:牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae 属:老鹳草属 Geranium 种:尼泊尔老鹳草 Geranium nepalense 组:鼠掌组 Sect. Sibirica |
中日老鹳草（学名：Geranium nepalense var. thunbergii）为牻牛儿苗科老鹳草属下尼泊尔老鹳草的一个变种。 [1]
中日老鹳草简介
中日老鹳草见于《救荒本草》，生田野就地拖秧而生，茎蔓细弱，其茎红紫色，叶似芫荽叶，瘦细而细疏，开五瓣小紫花，结青蓇葖儿，上有一嘴，甚尖锐为细锥子状，其角极似鸟嘴，因以名焉”。
《本草纲目拾遗》载有老鹳草，谓"入药用茎嘴"，又转引龙柏《药性考补遗》；谓“出山东”。
又《滇南本草》载有五叶草、老官草系老鹳草属(Geranium)植物。综上所述与目前商品所用的两类老鹳草基本一致。
中日老鹳草形态特征
中日老鹳草与原变种的主要区别为花瓣长为萼片的1.5倍；叶裂片倒卵形。 [2]
var. thunbergii (Sieb. et Zucc.) Kudo, Medic. Pl. Hokkaido, pl. 55. 1922; Ohwi, Fl. Japan. 104. 1956; Fl. Taiwan. 430. 1977. ——Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munch. 4 (2): 136. 1845.
Geranium nepalense Sweet var. thunbergii (Siebold ex Lindley & Paxton) Kudô.
Perennials. Rootstock vertical, 2-10 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 20-70 cm tall, trailing or ascending, sometimes rooting at nodes, with 0.3-1.4 mm patent or retrorse appressed nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.8-1.3 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate to subulate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-1.2 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.5-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.4-6.4 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.73-0.91, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5, rhombic, 4-12 mm wide at base, 5-8-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.11-0.21. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 2.2-13.9 cm. Pedicel 0.8-3.3 cm, with 0.2-1 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and usually 0.6-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5.1-8.1 mm, mucro 0.8-1.9 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.12-0.25, outside with 0.1-0.9 mm patent to antrorse nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or purplish, (6.8-)7.3-8.3(-9) mm, erect to patent, outside glabrous, inside basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or retuse. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, abaxially pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.7 mm; anthers bluish, 0.8-1.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pink. Fruit 1.9-2.7 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.2-0.7 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.6-1.5 mm glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.3-2 cm, with a 0.5-1.8 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1.6-2.3 mm. Seeds 1.7-2.2 mm. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 28.
Roadsides, meadows, weedy areas; near sea level to 2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
This species has sometimes been submerged in Geranium nepalense. However, it is well characterized by the presence of glandular trichomes (sometimes restricted to sepals) and by longer petals, sepals, and fruit. Additionally, leaves of G. thunbergii have few lobes, and its mericarps are darker. Distribution of G. thunbergii seems to be more eastern than those of G. nepalense, being alone in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea.
尼泊尔老鹳草（原变种）
中日老鹳草产地生境
分布于湖南、浙江、福建和台湾。生于山地林缘、灌丛和杂草山坡。日本也有分布。
中日老鹳草本种提示
本变种为原变种在中国一日本植物区系的地理宗。但南亚热带山地的种群属于哪一个地理宗尚待进一步研究。