泉沟子荠查看源代码讨论查看历史
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中文学名:泉沟子荠 拉丁学名:Taphrospermum fontanum 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Magnoliopsida 亚 纲:五桠果亚纲 Dilleniidae 目:白花菜目 科:十字花科 Cruciferae 属：沟子荠属Taphrospermum C. A. Mey. 族:大蒜芥族 Trib. Sisymbrieae 分布区域:中亚 亚 族:葱芥亚族 Subtrib. Alliariinae |
泉沟子荠(quán gōu zǐ jì)，学名 Taphrospermum fontanum (Maximowicz) Al-Shehbaz & G. Yang，俗名：双脊荠，异名：Dilophia fontana Dilophia macrosperma ，异名：Cochlearia himalaica ，沟子荠属（拉丁文：Taphrospermum C. A. Mey.）是被子植物门十字花科下的一个科属，该属物种均为无毛，分枝不多的多年生草本植物。高3-6厘米；根肉质，纺锤形。茎多数，丛生，基部匍匐，后上升，分枝，有单毛。基生叶在花期枯萎，茎生叶宽卵形或长圆形。长6-10毫米，宽2-5毫米，顶端圆形，基部圆形或楔形，全缘或每侧有1齿，两面无毛；叶柄长5-15毫米，无毛；上部茎生叶较小，有短叶柄。总状花序在茎端密生，下部花单生叶腋，常有叶状苞片；萼片宽卵形，长约1.5毫米，外面上方稍有柔毛；花瓣白色或浅紫色，长约2毫米，顶端尖凹，下部有短爪。短角果宽卵形或宽倒三角形，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，压扁，果瓣舟形，有不整齐小刺或小瘤，具1不显明脉，无隔膜；花柱长约2毫米，较粗；果梗直立，开展，长6-8毫米，稍具柔毛。种子4-6个，宽卵形，长约1毫米，棕色；子叶缘倚胚根。花期6-7月，果期8月。 [1]
形态特征
多年生草本，高3-6厘米；根肉质，纺锤形。茎多数，丛生，基部匍匐，后上升，分枝，有单毛。基生叶在花期枯萎，茎生叶宽卵形或长圆形。长6-10毫米，宽2-5毫米；
顶端圆形，基部圆形或楔形，全缘或每侧有1齿，两面无毛；叶柄长5-15毫米，无毛；上部茎生叶较小，有短叶柄。总状花序在茎端密生，下部花单生叶腋，常有叶状苞片；
萼片宽卵形，长约1.5毫米，外面上方稍有柔毛；花瓣白色或浅紫色，长约2毫米，顶端尖凹，下部有短爪。短角果宽卵形或宽倒三角形，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，压扁；
果瓣舟形，有不整齐小刺或小瘤，具1不显明脉，无隔膜；花柱长约2毫米，较粗；果梗直立，开展，长6-8毫米，稍具柔毛。种子4-6个，宽卵形，长约1毫米，棕色；子叶缘倚胚根。花期6-7月，果期8月。
Herbs (2-)5-14(-20) cm tall, sparsely to moderately pubescent, rarely glabrous. Root narrowly fusiform-linear, fleshy, base with minute scalelike leaves usually less than 2 mm. Stems solitary from fleshy root then producing a few prostrate or rarely ascending or erect branches, sparsely to densely pubescent with retrorse to spreading trichomes to 0.5 mm, rarely glabrous. Leaves not rosulate; petioles of basal and lowermost leaves (0.3-)0.6-2(-3) cm, gradually shorter upward; leaf blade ovate or oblong, (2-)4-10(-13) × (1-)2-4(-7) mm, gradually reduced in size upward, base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse or rounded.
Racemes densely flowered, elongated slightly to considerably in fruit, bracteate throughout; bracts leafy, smaller than cauline leaves. Fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent adaxially, slender, straight or curved, (1.5-)3-10(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 1.5-3 × 0.8-1.5 mm, persistent, membranous at margin, sparsely ciliolate near apex with trichomes ca. 0.05 mm, sparsely pubescent distally with trichomes to 0.5 mm.
Petals white or lavender, obovate or spatulate, 2-6 × (0.5-)0.7-3.5(-4) mm, attenuate to base, apex slightly emarginate. Filaments white or lavender, 1.5-3 mm, dilated at base; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.4 mm. Ovules 4-8 per ovary.
Fruit broadly to narrowly obcordate, strongly to slightly angustiseptate, not torulose, (2-)3-5 × (4-)5-7 mm, obtuse or cuneate at base; valves membranous, sparsely to densely puberulent with trichomes to 0.5 mm, rarely subglabrous, often distinctly veined, smooth or tuberculate; replum widely and evenly expanded throughout; septum absent; style slender, (1-)2-3 mm. Seeds 3-8, brown, oblong, foveolate, compressed, 1.2-2.2 × 0.8-1.5 mm; cotyledons accumbent.
- Slopes with dwarf bushes, disturbed alpine meadows, degraded alpine pastures, moist turf, Kobresia turf and cushions, alpine permafrost swamps, damp shingle by rivers, open gravel, slate and schist screes; (3200-)3600-5300 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.
1 Petals 4.5-6 × 2.5-3.5(-4) mm; fruit valves glabrous or sparsely puberulent, smooth, not tuberculate; seeds (1.5-)1.8-2.2 × (1.1-)1.2-1.5 mm 3a subsp. fontanum 泉沟子荠(原亚种) + Petals 2-3 × (0.5-)0.7-1.2(-1.4) mm; fruit valves densely or rarely sparsely puberulent, often tuberculate; seeds 1.2-1.6 × 0.8-1.1 mm 3b subsp. microspermum 小籽泉沟子荠
分类文献
Dilophia fontana Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 26: 423. 1880. et Fl. Tangut. 70. t. 13. f. 1-18. 1889; O. E. Schulz in Acta Hort. Gothob. 1: 166. 1924; Rehd. et Kobus. in Journ. Am. Arn. 14: 16. 1933: Walker in Contrib. Unit. Star. Nat. Herb. 28: 622. 1941. ——D. macrosperma O. E. Schulz in Fedde, Repent. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 385. 1922. Syn. nov.
产地生境
产四川、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏。生在高山草地，海拔4000-5000米。模式标本采自甘肃。