泉溝子薺檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 泉溝子薺 |
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中文學名:泉溝子薺 拉丁學名:Taphrospermum fontanum 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 亞 綱:五椏果亞綱 Dilleniidae 目:白花菜目 科:十字花科 Cruciferae 屬：溝子薺屬Taphrospermum C. A. Mey. 族:大蒜芥族 Trib. Sisymbrieae 分布區域:中亞 亞 族:蔥芥亞族 Subtrib. Alliariinae |
泉溝子薺(quán gōu zǐ jì)，學名 Taphrospermum fontanum (Maximowicz) Al-Shehbaz & G. Yang，俗名：雙脊薺，異名：Dilophia fontana Dilophia macrosperma ，異名：Cochlearia himalaica ，溝子薺屬（拉丁文：Taphrospermum C. A. Mey.）是被子植物門十字花科下的一個科屬，該屬物種均為無毛，分枝不多的多年生草本植物。高3-6厘米；根肉質，紡錘形。莖多數，叢生，基部匍匐，後上升，分枝，有單毛。基生葉在花期枯萎，莖生葉寬卵形或長圓形。長6-10毫米，寬2-5毫米，頂端圓形，基部圓形或楔形，全緣或每側有1齒，兩面無毛；葉柄長5-15毫米，無毛；上部莖生葉較小，有短葉柄。總狀花序在莖端密生，下部花單生葉腋，常有葉狀苞片；萼片寬卵形，長約1.5毫米，外面上方稍有柔毛；花瓣白色或淺紫色，長約2毫米，頂端尖凹，下部有短爪。短角果寬卵形或寬倒三角形，長約3毫米，寬約2毫米，壓扁，果瓣舟形，有不整齊小刺或小瘤，具1不顯明脈，無隔膜；花柱長約2毫米，較粗；果梗直立，開展，長6-8毫米，稍具柔毛。種子4-6個，寬卵形，長約1毫米，棕色；子葉緣倚胚根。花期6-7月，果期8月。 [1]
形態特徵
多年生草本，高3-6厘米；根肉質，紡錘形。莖多數，叢生，基部匍匐，後上升，分枝，有單毛。基生葉在花期枯萎，莖生葉寬卵形或長圓形。長6-10毫米，寬2-5毫米；
頂端圓形，基部圓形或楔形，全緣或每側有1齒，兩面無毛；葉柄長5-15毫米，無毛；上部莖生葉較小，有短葉柄。總狀花序在莖端密生，下部花單生葉腋，常有葉狀苞片；
萼片寬卵形，長約1.5毫米，外面上方稍有柔毛；花瓣白色或淺紫色，長約2毫米，頂端尖凹，下部有短爪。短角果寬卵形或寬倒三角形，長約3毫米，寬約2毫米，壓扁；
果瓣舟形，有不整齊小刺或小瘤，具1不顯明脈，無隔膜；花柱長約2毫米，較粗；果梗直立，開展，長6-8毫米，稍具柔毛。種子4-6個，寬卵形，長約1毫米，棕色；子葉緣倚胚根。花期6-7月，果期8月。
Herbs (2-)5-14(-20) cm tall, sparsely to moderately pubescent, rarely glabrous. Root narrowly fusiform-linear, fleshy, base with minute scalelike leaves usually less than 2 mm. Stems solitary from fleshy root then producing a few prostrate or rarely ascending or erect branches, sparsely to densely pubescent with retrorse to spreading trichomes to 0.5 mm, rarely glabrous. Leaves not rosulate; petioles of basal and lowermost leaves (0.3-)0.6-2(-3) cm, gradually shorter upward; leaf blade ovate or oblong, (2-)4-10(-13) × (1-)2-4(-7) mm, gradually reduced in size upward, base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse or rounded.
Racemes densely flowered, elongated slightly to considerably in fruit, bracteate throughout; bracts leafy, smaller than cauline leaves. Fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent adaxially, slender, straight or curved, (1.5-)3-10(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 1.5-3 × 0.8-1.5 mm, persistent, membranous at margin, sparsely ciliolate near apex with trichomes ca. 0.05 mm, sparsely pubescent distally with trichomes to 0.5 mm.
Petals white or lavender, obovate or spatulate, 2-6 × (0.5-)0.7-3.5(-4) mm, attenuate to base, apex slightly emarginate. Filaments white or lavender, 1.5-3 mm, dilated at base; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.4 mm. Ovules 4-8 per ovary.
Fruit broadly to narrowly obcordate, strongly to slightly angustiseptate, not torulose, (2-)3-5 × (4-)5-7 mm, obtuse or cuneate at base; valves membranous, sparsely to densely puberulent with trichomes to 0.5 mm, rarely subglabrous, often distinctly veined, smooth or tuberculate; replum widely and evenly expanded throughout; septum absent; style slender, (1-)2-3 mm. Seeds 3-8, brown, oblong, foveolate, compressed, 1.2-2.2 × 0.8-1.5 mm; cotyledons accumbent.
- Slopes with dwarf bushes, disturbed alpine meadows, degraded alpine pastures, moist turf, Kobresia turf and cushions, alpine permafrost swamps, damp shingle by rivers, open gravel, slate and schist screes; (3200-)3600-5300 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.
1 Petals 4.5-6 × 2.5-3.5(-4) mm; fruit valves glabrous or sparsely puberulent, smooth, not tuberculate; seeds (1.5-)1.8-2.2 × (1.1-)1.2-1.5 mm 3a subsp. fontanum 泉溝子薺(原亞種) + Petals 2-3 × (0.5-)0.7-1.2(-1.4) mm; fruit valves densely or rarely sparsely puberulent, often tuberculate; seeds 1.2-1.6 × 0.8-1.1 mm 3b subsp. microspermum 小籽泉溝子薺
分類文獻
Dilophia fontana Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 26: 423. 1880. et Fl. Tangut. 70. t. 13. f. 1-18. 1889; O. E. Schulz in Acta Hort. Gothob. 1: 166. 1924; Rehd. et Kobus. in Journ. Am. Arn. 14: 16. 1933: Walker in Contrib. Unit. Star. Nat. Herb. 28: 622. 1941. ——D. macrosperma O. E. Schulz in Fedde, Repent. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 385. 1922. Syn. nov.
產地生境
產四川、甘肅、青海、新疆、西藏。生在高山草地，海拔4000-5000米。模式標本采自甘肅。