皮質醇查看源代码讨论查看历史
皮質醇,由腎上腺分泌的荷爾蒙,在應付壓力中扮演重要角色,故又被稱為「壓力荷爾蒙」。皮質醇會提高血壓、血糖水平和產生免疫抑制作用。在藥理學,人工合成的皮質醇稱作氫羥腎上腺皮質素(hydrocortisone),除了補充皮質醇不足外,也會用作治療過敏症和發炎。最初被用作治療類風濕性關節炎時,皮質醇被稱作Compound E(合成物E)。
生理反應
血液中皮質醇含量在日中會變化,早上的水平最高,下降至午夜時最低。剛出生嬰孩的皮質醇日中含量變化並非跟隨上述規律;相關規律成形於兩周至九個月大。[1] 有關晝夜節律的訊息,相信由視網膜傳送至下丘腦的視交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nuclei)。
研究發現,特定的皮質醇水平變化與失常的促腎上腺皮質素水平、憂鬱症、壓力有關,也與血糖過低、疾病、發熱、創傷、敬畏、痛楚和極端溫度等會引起因壓力而來之生理反應的事件有關。
作用
正常含量的皮質醇(如其他糖皮质激素)有助身體在壓力下回復體內平衡。長期壓力會導致長時間分泌皮質醇。
- 消化系統分泌
- 皮質醇會刺激胃酸分泌[4],從而增加腹瀉時鉀和酸的流失。
參考資料
- ↑ de Weerth C, Zijl R, Buitelaar J. Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Hum Dev. 2003, 73 (1-2): 39–52. PMID 12932892.
- ↑ Freeman, Scott (2002). Biological Science. Prentice Hall; 2nd Pkg edition (December 30, 2004). ISBN 0-13-218746-9.
- ↑ Manchester, K.L., “Sites of Hormonal Regulation of Protein Metabolism. p. 229”, Mammalian Protein [Munro, H.N., Ed.]. Academic Press, New York. On p273.
- ↑ Soffer, L.J.; Dorfman, R.I.; Gabrilove, J.L,. “The Human Adrenal Gland”. Febiger, Phil.
- ↑ Sandle, G.I.; Keir, M.G.; Record, CO. (1981) “The Effect of Hydrocortisone on the Transport of Water, Sodium, and Glucose in the Jejunum”. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterol. 16: 667,.
- ↑ Mason, P.A.; Fraser, R.; Morton, J.J. (1977) “The Effect of Sodium Deprivation and of Angiotensin II Infusion on the Peripheral Plasma Concentration of 18 Hydroxycorticosterone, Aldosterone, and Other Corticosteoids in Man”. Steroid Biochemistry 8: 799,
- ↑ Knight, R.P., Jr.; Kornfield, D.S.; Glaser, G.H. & Bondy, P.K. (1955) “Effects of Intravenous Hydrocortisone on Electrolytes in Serum and Urine in Man”. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 15: 176-181,.
- ↑ Sandle, G.I.; Keir, M.G.; Record, CO. (1981) “The Effect of Hydrocortisone on the Transport of Water, Sodium, and Glucose in the Jejunum”. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterol. 16: 667,.
- ↑ Weber, C.E (1984). “Copper Response to Rheumatoid Arthritis”. Medical Hypotheses 15: 333-348, on p337,.
- ↑ Flohe, L.; Beckman, R.; Giertz, H.; Loschen, G. “Oxygen Centered Free Radicals as Mediators of Inflammation. p. 405”, Oxidative Stress (Sies H, ed) Academic Press, New York.
- ↑ Palacios R., Sugawara I. Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol. 1982, 15 (1): 25–31. PMID 6461917. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00618.x.