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狸尾豆

中文學名:狸尾豆

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:雙子葉植物綱

亞 綱:原始花被亞綱

目:薔薇目

科:豆科

屬:狸尾豆屬

分布區域:中國福建江西

湖南廣東海南

廣西貴州雲南

台灣

狸尾豆(lí wěi dòu,學名 Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. ex DC.,俗名:狐狸尾兔尾草大葉兔尾草狸尾草,異名:Lespedeza lagopodioides Hedysarum lagopodioides Doodia lagopodioides ),是雙子葉植物綱薔薇目豆科狸尾豆屬的平臥或開展草本,通常高可達60厘米。花枝直立或斜舉,被短柔毛。 [1]

目錄

狸尾豆形態特徵

葉多為3小葉,稀兼有單小葉;托葉三角形,長3毫米,寬約1毫米,先端尾尖,被灰黃色長柔和緣毛;葉柄長1-2厘米,有溝槽;

小葉紙質,頂生小葉近圓形或橢圓形至卵形,長2-6厘米,寬1.5-3厘米,先端圓形或微凹,有細尖,基部圓形或心形,側生小葉較小,上面略粗糙,下面被灰黃色短柔毛;

側脈每邊5-7條,直而斜展,靠葉緣處微彎拱,兩面凸起,網脈在下面明顯;小托葉剛毛狀,長1.5毫米;小葉柄長約2毫米,密被灰黃色短柔毛。

總狀花序頂生,長3-6厘米,直徑1.5-2厘米,花排列緊密;苞片寬卵形,長8-10毫米,先端錐尖,密被灰色毛和緣毛,開花時脫落;花梗長4毫米,疏被白色長柔毛;

花萼5裂,上部二裂片三角形,較短,長約2毫米,下部3裂片刺毛狀,較上部裂片長3倍以上,被白色長柔毛,萼筒長約1毫米;

花冠長約6毫米,淡紫色,旗瓣倒卵形,基部漸狹;雄蕊二體;子房無毛,有胚珠1-2。

莢果小,包藏於萼內,有莢節1-2,莢節橢圓形,長約2.5毫米,黑褐色,膨脹,無毛,略有光澤。花、果期8-10月。 [2]

分類文獻

Uraria lagopodioides (Linn.) Desv. ex DC. Prodr. 2:324. 1825 (#$#lagopoides#$#)et in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 309. 1826; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 156. 1879. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 71. 1913. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Dhine 2: 541. 1920 (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 293. 1923 et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5:95. 1927;中國主要植物圖說·豆科507. 1955 (#$#lagopoides#$#);廣州植物志333. 1956; Steen. in Reinwardtia 5:451. 1960;海南植物志2: 283. 圖439. 1965;中國高等植物圖鑑2: 456. 圖2641. 1972;台灣植物志3:402. pl. 658. 1977.——Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn. Sp. Pl. 1198. 1753.——Lespedeza lagopodioides Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 (#$#lagopodoides#$#).——Doodia lagopodioides Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3:366. 1832.——Uraria aequilobata Hosokawa in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. 4:202. 1932.

Hedysarum lagopodioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1198. 1753; Doodia lagopodioides (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; Lespedeza lago-podioides (Linnaeus) Persoon.

Herbs, prostrate or spreading, to 60 cm tall. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1-2 cm; terminal leaflet blade nearly orbicular or elliptic to ovate, 2-6 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray-yellow pubescent, base rounded or cordate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes terminal, 3-6 cm, densely flowered. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, sparsely white villous. Calyx 5-parted; lower lobes ca. 2 × as long as upper ones, white villous. Corolla pale purple, ca. 6 mm; standard obovate, base attenuate. Ovary glabrous, 1- or 2-ovuled. Legume enclosed by calyx, black-brown at maturity, small; articles 1 or 2, elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, swollen, glabrous, slightly lucid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 22.

Open waste slopes, thickets; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].

The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.

狸尾豆分布範圍

分布於中國福建江西湖南廣東海南廣西貴州雲南台灣[3]

多生長於曠野坡地灌叢中,海拔1000米以下。印度緬甸越南馬來西亞菲律賓澳大利亞也有分布。[4]

狸尾豆主要價值

全草供藥用,有消腫、驅蟲之效。

參考來源