狸尾豆
狸尾豆 |
中文学名:狸尾豆 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:蔷薇目 科:豆科 属:狸尾豆属 及台湾 |
狸尾豆(lí wěi dòu,学名 Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. ex DC.,俗名:狐狸尾、兔尾草、大叶兔尾草、狸尾草,异名:Lespedeza lagopodioides Hedysarum lagopodioides Doodia lagopodioides ),是双子叶植物纲、蔷薇目、豆科、狸尾豆属的平卧或开展草本,通常高可达60厘米。花枝直立或斜举,被短柔毛。 [1]
目录
狸尾豆形态特征
叶多为3小叶,稀兼有单小叶;托叶三角形,长3毫米,宽约1毫米,先端尾尖,被灰黄色长柔和缘毛;叶柄长1-2厘米,有沟槽;
小叶纸质,顶生小叶近圆形或椭圆形至卵形,长2-6厘米,宽1.5-3厘米,先端圆形或微凹,有细尖,基部圆形或心形,侧生小叶较小,上面略粗糙,下面被灰黄色短柔毛;
侧脉每边5-7条,直而斜展,靠叶缘处微弯拱,两面凸起,网脉在下面明显;小托叶刚毛状,长1.5毫米;小叶柄长约2毫米,密被灰黄色短柔毛。
总状花序顶生,长3-6厘米,直径1.5-2厘米,花排列紧密;苞片宽卵形,长8-10毫米,先端锥尖,密被灰色毛和缘毛,开花时脱落;花梗长4毫米,疏被白色长柔毛;
花萼5裂,上部二裂片三角形,较短,长约2毫米,下部3裂片刺毛状,较上部裂片长3倍以上,被白色长柔毛,萼筒长约1毫米;
花冠长约6毫米,淡紫色,旗瓣倒卵形,基部渐狭;雄蕊二体;子房无毛,有胚珠1-2。
荚果小,包藏于萼内,有荚节1-2,荚节椭圆形,长约2.5毫米,黑褐色,膨胀,无毛,略有光泽。花、果期8-10月。 [2]
分类文献
Uraria lagopodioides (Linn.) Desv. ex DC. Prodr. 2:324. 1825 (#$#lagopoides#$#)et in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 309. 1826; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 156. 1879. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 71. 1913. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Dhine 2: 541. 1920 (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 293. 1923 et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5:95. 1927;中国主要植物图说·豆科507. 1955 (#$#lagopoides#$#);广州植物志333. 1956; Steen. in Reinwardtia 5:451. 1960;海南植物志2: 283. 图439. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 456. 图2641. 1972;台湾植物志3:402. pl. 658. 1977.——Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn. Sp. Pl. 1198. 1753.——Lespedeza lagopodioides Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 (#$#lagopodoides#$#).——Doodia lagopodioides Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3:366. 1832.——Uraria aequilobata Hosokawa in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. 4:202. 1932.
Hedysarum lagopodioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1198. 1753; Doodia lagopodioides (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; Lespedeza lago-podioides (Linnaeus) Persoon.
Herbs, prostrate or spreading, to 60 cm tall. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1-2 cm; terminal leaflet blade nearly orbicular or elliptic to ovate, 2-6 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray-yellow pubescent, base rounded or cordate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes terminal, 3-6 cm, densely flowered. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, sparsely white villous. Calyx 5-parted; lower lobes ca. 2 × as long as upper ones, white villous. Corolla pale purple, ca. 6 mm; standard obovate, base attenuate. Ovary glabrous, 1- or 2-ovuled. Legume enclosed by calyx, black-brown at maturity, small; articles 1 or 2, elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, swollen, glabrous, slightly lucid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 22.
Open waste slopes, thickets; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].
The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.
狸尾豆分布范围
狸尾豆主要价值
全草供药用,有消肿、驱虫之效。
参考来源
- ↑ 狸尾豆, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 《中国植物志》 第41卷 (1995) >> 069页 PDF >> 狸尾豆 Uraria lagopodioides
- ↑ 沙文兰. 广西狸尾豆属一新种. 《 广西植物 》 , 1994
- ↑ 王超,梁辉,郭俊明,黄相中等. 滇南狸尾豆叶的化学成分研究. 《 CNKI;WanFang 》 , 2011