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狸尾豆

中文学名:狸尾豆

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:双子叶植物纲

亚 纲:原始花被亚纲

目:蔷薇目

科:豆科

属:狸尾豆属

分布区域:中国福建江西

湖南广东海南

广西贵州云南

台湾

狸尾豆(lí wěi dòu,学名 Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. ex DC.,俗名:狐狸尾兔尾草大叶兔尾草狸尾草,异名:Lespedeza lagopodioides Hedysarum lagopodioides Doodia lagopodioides ),是双子叶植物纲蔷薇目豆科狸尾豆属的平卧或开展草本,通常高可达60厘米。花枝直立或斜举,被短柔毛。 [1]

狸尾豆形态特征

叶多为3小叶,稀兼有单小叶;托叶三角形,长3毫米,宽约1毫米,先端尾尖,被灰黄色长柔和缘毛;叶柄长1-2厘米,有沟槽;

小叶纸质,顶生小叶近圆形或椭圆形至卵形,长2-6厘米,宽1.5-3厘米,先端圆形或微凹,有细尖,基部圆形或心形,侧生小叶较小,上面略粗糙,下面被灰黄色短柔毛;

侧脉每边5-7条,直而斜展,靠叶缘处微弯拱,两面凸起,网脉在下面明显;小托叶刚毛状,长1.5毫米;小叶柄长约2毫米,密被灰黄色短柔毛。

总状花序顶生,长3-6厘米,直径1.5-2厘米,花排列紧密;苞片宽卵形,长8-10毫米,先端锥尖,密被灰色毛和缘毛,开花时脱落;花梗长4毫米,疏被白色长柔毛;

花萼5裂,上部二裂片三角形,较短,长约2毫米,下部3裂片刺毛状,较上部裂片长3倍以上,被白色长柔毛,萼筒长约1毫米;

花冠长约6毫米,淡紫色,旗瓣倒卵形,基部渐狭;雄蕊二体;子房无毛,有胚珠1-2。

荚果小,包藏于萼内,有荚节1-2,荚节椭圆形,长约2.5毫米,黑褐色,膨胀,无毛,略有光泽。花、果期8-10月。 [2]

分类文献

Uraria lagopodioides (Linn.) Desv. ex DC. Prodr. 2:324. 1825 (#$#lagopoides#$#)et in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 309. 1826; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 156. 1879. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 71. 1913. (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Dhine 2: 541. 1920 (#$#lagopoides#$#) ; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 293. 1923 et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5:95. 1927;中国主要植物图说·豆科507. 1955 (#$#lagopoides#$#);广州植物志333. 1956; Steen. in Reinwardtia 5:451. 1960;海南植物志2: 283. 图439. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 456. 图2641. 1972;台湾植物志3:402. pl. 658. 1977.——Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn. Sp. Pl. 1198. 1753.——Lespedeza lagopodioides Pers. Syn. 2: 318. 1807 (#$#lagopodoides#$#).——Doodia lagopodioides Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3:366. 1832.——Uraria aequilobata Hosokawa in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. 4:202. 1932.

Hedysarum lagopodioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1198. 1753; Doodia lagopodioides (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; Lespedeza lago-podioides (Linnaeus) Persoon.

Herbs, prostrate or spreading, to 60 cm tall. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1-2 cm; terminal leaflet blade nearly orbicular or elliptic to ovate, 2-6 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray-yellow pubescent, base rounded or cordate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes terminal, 3-6 cm, densely flowered. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, sparsely white villous. Calyx 5-parted; lower lobes ca. 2 × as long as upper ones, white villous. Corolla pale purple, ca. 6 mm; standard obovate, base attenuate. Ovary glabrous, 1- or 2-ovuled. Legume enclosed by calyx, black-brown at maturity, small; articles 1 or 2, elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, swollen, glabrous, slightly lucid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 22.

Open waste slopes, thickets; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].

The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling. It also is used as a pesticide.

狸尾豆分布范围

分布于中国福建江西湖南广东海南广西贵州云南台湾[3]

多生长于旷野坡地灌丛中,海拔1000米以下。印度缅甸越南马来西亚菲律宾澳大利亚也有分布。[4]

狸尾豆主要价值

全草供药用,有消肿、驱虫之效。

参考来源